The odyssey of Phillis Wheatley : a poet's journeys through American slavery and independence

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Title:

The odyssey of Phillis Wheatley : a poet's journeys through American slavery and independence

Author:

Waldstreicher, David, author.

ISBN:

9780809098248

Edition:

First edition.

Physical Description:

viii, 480 pages, 8 unnumbered pages of plates : illustrations, portraits ; 24 cm

Contents:

The Beginnings, The Table, The Tale -- The Ship, The Trade, The Wars -- The Town, The Families, The Youth -- The Teachers -- The Preachers -- The Monarch, The Poets, The Subjects, The Enslaved -- The Nations -- The Occupation -- The Friends -- The Women -- The Proposal -- The Movement -- The Moment -- The Campaign -- The Metropolis -- The Emancipation -- The Patrons -- The Book -- The Readers -- The Barbarians -- The Americans -- The Free -- The Ends -- The Afterlives.

Personal Subject:

Wheatley, Phillis, 1753-1784.

Subject Term:

African American women poets -- Biography.

Poets, American -- Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775 -- Biography.

Slaves -- United States -- Biography.

African American poets -- Biography.

Genre:

Biographies.

Summary:

"Admired by George Washington, ridiculed by Thomas Jefferson, published in London, and read far and wide, Phillis Wheatley led one of the most extraordinary American lives. Seized in West Africa and forced into slavery as a child, she was sold to a merchant family in Boston, where she became a noted poet at a young age. Mastering the Bible, Greek and Latin translations, and the works of Pope and Milton, she composed elegies for local elites, celebrated political events, praised warriors, and used her verse to variously lampoon, question, and assert the injustice of her enslaved condition. 'Can I then but pray / Others may never feel tyrannic sway?' By doing so, she added her voice to a vibrant, multisided conversation about race, slavery, and discontent with British rule; before and after her emancipation, her verses shook up racial etiquette and used familiar forms to create bold new meanings. She demonstrated a complex but crucial fact of the times: that the American Revolution both strengthened and limited Black slavery. In this new biography, the historian David Waldstreicher offers the fullest account to date of Wheatley's life and works, correcting myths, reconstructing intimate friendships, and deepening our understanding of her verse and the revolutionary era. Throughout The Odyssey of Phillis Wheatley, he demonstrates the continued vitality and resonance of a woman who wrote, in a founding gesture of American literature, 'Thy Power, O Liberty, makes strong the weak / And (wond'rous instinct) Ethiopians speak'." --

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Library	Call Number	Status
Searching... Hardwood Creek Library (Forest Lake)	921 WHEATLEY	Searching... Unknown
Searching... Hardwood Creek Library (Forest Lake)	921 WHEATLEY	Searching... Unknown
Searching... Lake Elmo Library	921 WHEATLEY	Searching... Unknown
Searching... Oakdale Library	921 WHEATLEY	Searching... Unknown
Searching... Park Grove Library (Cottage Grove)	921 WHEATLEY	Searching... Unknown
Searching... Park Grove Library (Cottage Grove)	921 WHEATLEY	Searching... Unknown
Searching... R.H. Stafford Library (Woodbury)	921 WHEATLEY	Searching... Unknown
Searching... R.H. Stafford Library (Woodbury)	921 WHEATLEY	Searching... Unknown
Searching... Valley Library (Lakeland)	921 WHEATLEY	Searching... Unknown
Searching... Wildwood Library (Mahtomedi)	921 WHEATLEY	Searching... Unknown

Bound With These Titles

On Order

Summary

A New York Times notable book of 2023 | A finalist for the Los Angeles Times Book Prize for biography

"[An] erudite, enlightening new biography . . . [Waldstreicher's] interpretations equal Wheatley's own intentional verse, making it a joy to follow along as he unpacks her words and their arrangement." --Tiya Miles, The Atlantic

"Thoroughly researched, beautifully rendered and cogently argued . . . The Odyssey of Phillis Wheatley is [. . .] historical biography at its best." --Kerri Greenidge, The New York Times Book Review (Editors' Choice)

A paradigm-shattering biography of Phillis Wheatley, whose extraordinary poetry set African American literature at the heart of the American Revolution.

Admired by George Washington, ridiculed by Thomas Jefferson, published in London, and read far and wide, Phillis Wheatley led one of the most extraordinary American lives. Seized in West Africa and forced into slavery as a child, she was sold to a merchant family in Boston, where she became a noted poet at a young age. Mastering the Bible, Greek and Latin translations, and the works of Pope and Milton, she composed elegies for local elites, celebrated political events, praised warriors, and used her verse to variously lampoon, question, and assert the injustice of her enslaved condition. "Can I then but pray / Others may never feel tyrannic sway?" By doing so, she added her voice to a vibrant, multisided conversation about race, slavery, and discontent with British rule; before and after her emancipation, her verses shook up racial etiquette and used familiar forms to create bold new meanings. She demonstrated a complex but crucial fact of the times: that the American Revolution both strengthened and limited Black slavery.

In this new biography, the historian David Waldstreicher offers the fullest account to date of Wheatley's life and works, correcting myths, reconstructing intimate friendships, and deepening our understanding of her verse and the revolutionary era. Throughout The Odyssey of Phillis Wheatley , he demonstrates the continued vitality and resonance of a woman who wrote, in a founding gesture of American literature, "Thy Power, O Liberty, makes strong the weak / And (wond'rous instinct) Ethiopians speak."

Author Notes

David Waldstreicher teaches history at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York and is the author of Slavery's Constitution: From Revolution to Ratification and Runaway America: Benjamin Franklin, Slavery, and the American Revolution . He has written for The New York Times Book Review , the Boston Review , and The Atlantic , among other publications.

Reviews (4)

Publisher's Weekly Review

Waldstreicher (Slavery's Constitution), a history professor at the City University of New York Graduate Center, delivers a magisterial biography of 18th-century poet Phillis Wheatley (1753--1784). Tracing Wheatley's trajectory from a promising student to a national celebrity, he explores her development as an artist and focuses on how Wheatley crafted "subversive" meanings and considered "piety, politics, and race" in her work. He begins in 1761 with Wheatley's arrival by slave ship in Boston, where as a young girl she was enslaved by the Wheatley family until they granted her freedom in 1773, shortly after the publication of her first poetry collection. Waldstreicher excels at teasing out the subtle political messages within Wheatley's poetry, contending, for instance, that "On Being Brought from Africa to America" satirizes the racism critics accuse it of perpetuating. The author candidly addresses gaps in the historical record, such as when he constructs a plausible account of the under-documented last six years of Wheatley's life, when her marriage to a domineering grocer took her out of the limelight. The historical scholarship dazzles and the incisive analysis of Wheatley's poetry suggests she had a more "liberatory political agenda" than she's often credited for. The result is an indispensable take on an essential early American poet. (Mar.)

Kirkus Review

A biography of the Phillis Wheatley focused on her poetry and the politics of Revolutionary-era America. Waldstreicher, a history professor and author of Slavery's Constitution and Runaway America, documents Wheatley's arrival in Boston on the slave ship Phillis, her purchase by Susanna Wheatley in 1761, her storied writing career, and her life after emancipation. The author's primary focus, however, is Wheatley's work, about which he offers many intriguing insights. This book, he writes, is "a joint exercise in history and literary criticism." Waldstreicher argues that Wheatley gave "subversive and productive meanings" to her classical and neoclassical-inspired poetry, becoming both a "political actor and an artist of quality and note" in the 18th-century world she inhabited, a world marked by the "abominable hypocrisy" of American slave owners who likened their oppression by Britain to slavery. For those familiar only with Wheatley's often anthologized "On Being Brought From Africa to America," the breadth and depth of her poetry will be a revelation, as will her correspondence with Samson Occom and George Washington; her intimate, lifelong friendship with Obour Tanner, an enslaved woman in Newport, Rhode Island; and the details of Wheatley's trip with her enslaver's son to London, where she stayed for six weeks in 1763. The attention that Waldstreicher pays to the complexity of Wheatley's identities as an African, a woman, and an enslaved person (among other identities) in his close readings of her poetry is sometimes missing from his discussion of her life. Questions like how much control Wheatley had over her own literary productions and their circulation while she was enslaved remain largely unasked. Given his focus on the political contexts and meanings of Wheatley's work, Waldstreicher leaves room for future biographers to further examine Wheatley's life as she became the "most famous African in North America and Europe during the era of the American Revolution." Wheatley's poetry comes into sharper focus, but Wheatley herself remains elusive. Copyright (c) Kirkus Reviews, used with permission.

Booklist Review

Stolen from her African family as a girl; forced onto the slave ship Phillis, and purchased in 1761 by the Wheatley family in Boston, prodigy-poet Phillis Wheatley launched a complexly creative and courageous life of strategic dissent that has never before been so fully illuminated. Nor has Wheatley's poetry been fully appreciated for its nuanced response to the epic moral and political battles of her revolutionary time. Historian Waldstreicher zestfully establishes an intricately detailed context for his in-depth analysis of Wheatley's experiences and writings, from her relationship with the family who supported her literary ambitions and controlled her life to her interactions with the most powerful figures in America and England and triumphant London visit upon publication of her first book. Waldstreicher's use of "odyssey" reflects both Wheatley's journey and fluency in Homer and other poets from Horace to Milton and Pope. Waldstreicher's fresh readings of her poems and letters explore her literary adeptness, political savvy, cutting irony, and antislavery arguments. He traces the delicate balancing act Wheatley elegantly performed as an enslaved person (until her 1773 emancipation) and public figure whose poems served as sophisticated, lyric op-eds on the toxic hypocrisy of the colonists' enslaving Africans while demanding freedom from British tyranny. With extensive notes and appendices, Waldstreicher's engrossing restorative biography makes one hope for a Hamilton-style celebration of Wheatley's profound quest.

Library Journal Review

Waldstreicher (history, CUNY Graduate Center; Slavery's Constitution) brings his expertise in 18th-century history to bear in this extensive treatise on poet Phillis Wheatley. Waldstreicher delves into the history of this extraordinary woman, renowned in her own time, as well as her poetic works and legacy. Kim Staunton narrates with warmth and precision, walking listeners through Waldstreicher's in-depth analysis of Wheatley's poems. Listeners will note the influence of Christian themes and neoclassical references to Greek gods and Homer's Odyssey. They may be intrigued to see how the dissection of the meter and verse of Wheatley's poetry exposes satirical double entendre. Wheatley's words reveal her shrewd understanding of events around her, pointing out how hypocritical it was for colonists to fight for independence from British rule while denying liberty to enslaved Africans. Her genius debunked the stance that Africans were intellectually inferior, and she did it in verse. VERDICT Poetry, history, and politics make excellent bedfellows. This engrossing biography, engaging in audio, is a recommended purchase for all libraries.--Laura Trombley

Author's Note	ix
1 The Beginnings, The Table, The Tale	3
2 The Ship, The Trade, The Wars	11
3 The Town, The Families, The Youth	22
4 The Teachers	33
5 The Preachers	44
6 The Monarch, The Poets, The Subjects, The Enslaved	57
7 The Nations	72
8 The Occupation	89
9 The Friends	105
10 The Women	122
11 The Proposal	138
12 The Movement	151
13 The Moment	165
14 The Campaign	179
15 The Metropolis	198
16 The Emancipation	214
17 The Patrons	223
18 The Book	236
19 The Readers	247
20 The Barbarians	268
21 The Americans	288
22 The Free	305
23 The Ends	324
24 The Afterlives	343
Appendix: Anonymous Poems Tentatively Attributed to Phillis Wheatley	355
Table 1 Extant and Acknowledged Phillis Wheatley Poems in Manuscript and Print	373
Table 2 Usage Frequency of Common and Unusual Words Phillis Wheatley's Acknowledged Poems and in Tentative Attributions	379
Notes	381
Acknowledgments	457
Index	461

Available:*

Bound With These Titles

On Order

Summary

Summary

Author Notes

Reviews (4)

Publisher's Weekly Review

Kirkus Review

Booklist Review

Library Journal Review

Table of Contents

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