Your Legal Companion | p. 1 |
Introduction: A Walk-Through of the Case of State v. Andrea Davidson, a Fictional Robbery Prosecution | p. 3 |
1 Talking to the Police | p. 11 |
Police Questioning of People Who Haven't Been Taken Into Custody | p. 13 |
Police Questioning of Arrestees | p. 20 |
2 Search and Seizure | p. 35 |
The Constitutional Background | p. 40 |
Search Warrants | p. 46 |
Exceptions to the Search Warrant Requirement | p. 51 |
Consent Searches | p. 51 |
The Plain View Doctrine | p. 56 |
Searches Incident to Arrest | p. 57 |
"Stop and Frisk" Searches | p. 61 |
Searches of Cars and Occupants | p. 63 |
Searches or Entries Under Emergency (Exigent) Circumstances | p. 70 |
Miscellaneous Warrantless Searches | p. 72 |
3 Arrest: When It Happens, What It Means | p. 81 |
General Arrest Principles | p. 83 |
Arrest Warrants | p. 89 |
Warrantless Arrests | p. 90 |
Use of Force When Making Arrests | p. 93 |
Citizens' Arrests | p. 97 |
4 Eyewitness Identification: Psychology and Procedures | p. 101 |
An Overview of Eyewitness Identification Procedures | p. 103 |
The Psychology of Eyewitness Identification | p. 105 |
Lineups | p. 107 |
Showups | p. 113 |
Photo (Mug Shot) Identifications | p. 114 |
Motions to Suppress Identifications | p. 115 |
5 Booking and Bail: Checking In and Out of Jail | p. 117 |
The Booking Process | p. 119 |
Arranging for Bail | p. 124 |
Own Recognizance Release (Release O.R.) | p. 135 |
6 From Suspect to Defendant | p. 137 |
Crime and Criminal Cases | p. 139 |
To Charge or Not to Charge, That Is the Question | p. 142 |
The Mechanics of Charging | p. 148 |
Grand Juries | p. 150 |
Diversion | p. 153 |
7 Criminal Defense Lawyers | p. 159 |
Should a Defendant Have a Lawyer? | p. 161 |
Court-Appointed Defense Attorneys | p. 164 |
Private Defense Attorneys | p. 170 |
Self-Representation | p. 180 |
8 Understanding the Attorney-Client Relationship in a Criminal Case | p. 189 |
Confidentiality | p. 191 |
Client-Centered Decision-Making | p. 195 |
Keeping Clients "In the Know" | p. 201 |
Representing Guilty Defendants | p. 203 |
Competent Clients | p. 204 |
9 A Walk Through Criminal Court | p. 207 |
The Courthouse | p. 209 |
The Courtroom | p. 210 |
The Courtroom Players | p. 212 |
Courtroom Behavior | p. 217 |
10 Arraignment | p. 221 |
Arraignment Basics | p. 222 |
Self-Representation at Arraignment | p. 229 |
11 Developing the Defense Strategy | p. 233 |
Overview | p. 235 |
How the Defendant's Version of Events May Limit Defense Strategies | p. 239 |
When Attorneys Ignore a Defendant's Version of Events | p. 243 |
The Importance of Honesty in Developing a Defense Strategy | p. 244 |
12 Criminal Laws and Their Language | p. 247 |
Mens Rea | p. 251 |
The Meaning of Frequently Used Legal Language | p. 255 |
Derivative Criminal Responsibility | p. 261 |
Murder and Manslaughter | p. 267 |
Sexual Violence | p. 272 |
Assault and Battery | p. 277 |
Motor Vehicle Crimes | p. 278 |
Drug Offenses | p. 280 |
Arson | p. 281 |
Burglary | p. 282 |
Robbery | p. 284 |
Theft | p. 285 |
Hate Crimes | p. 289 |
White-Collar Crimes | p. 291 |
13 Common Defenses to Criminal Charges | p. 299 |
Prosecutor's Failure to Prove Guilt | p. 302 |
"Partial" Defenses | p. 306 |
Self-Defense | p. 309 |
Alibi | p. 312 |
Insanity | p. 314 |
Duress | p. 319 |
Necessity | p. 320 |
Intoxication (Under the Influence of Drugs or Alcohol) | p. 320 |
Entrapment | p. 322 |
Jury Nullification | p. 323 |
14 Discovery: Exchanging Information With the Prosecution | p. 325 |
Modern Discovery Policy | p. 326 |
Discovery of Information Helpful to the Defense | p. 327 |
Discovery of Harmful Information | p. 330 |
Reciprocal Discovery | p. 333 |
15 Investigating the Facts | p. 335 |
Interviewing Prosecution Witnesses | p. 336 |
Finding and Interviewing Defense Witnesses | p. 338 |
16 Preliminary Hearings | p. 341 |
An Overview of Preliminary Hearings | p. 342 |
Defense Rights During Preliminary Hearings | p. 346 |
Common Defense and Prosecution Strategies | p. 348 |
17 Fundamental Trial Rights of the Defense | p. 353 |
The Defendant's Right to Due Process of Law | p. 356 |
The Prosecution's Burden of Proof | p. 359 |
The Defendant's Right to Remain Silent | p. 361 |
The Defendant's Right to Confront Witnesses | p. 364 |
The Defendant's (and the Media's) Right to a Public Trial | p. 367 |
A Defendant's Right to a Jury Trial | p. 370 |
A Defendant's Right to Counsel | p. 372 |
A Defendant's Right to a Speedy Trial | p. 375 |
The Defendant's Right Not to Be Placed in Double Jeopardy | p. 376 |
18 Basic Evidence Rules in Criminal Trials | p. 381 |
Overview | p. 384 |
Rules Regulating the Content of Testimony | p. 387 |
Rules Regulating the Manner of Testimony | p. 400 |
Expert Witnesses, Scientific Evidence, and Specialized Knowledge | p. 403 |
Privileged (Confidential) Information | p. 410 |
19 Motions and Their Role in Criminal Cases | p. 413 |
Basic Procedures | p. 415 |
Pretrial Motions | p. 417 |
Motions During Trial | p. 421 |
Post-Trial Motions | p. 422 |
20 Plea Bargains: How Most Criminal Cases End | p. 427 |
Plea Bargaining-Terminology and Timing | p. 429 |
The Pros and Cons of Plea Bargains | p. 430 |
The Plea Bargaining Process | p. 434 |
The Strategy of Negotiating Plea Bargains | p. 440 |
21 The Trial Process | p. 445 |
Summary of the Trial Process | p. 448 |
Choosing a Judge or Jury Trial | p. 449 |
Jury Voir Dire | p. 451 |
Motions in Limine | p. 455 |
Opening Statements | p. 456 |
Prosecution's Case-in-Chief | p. 457 |
Direct Examination of Witnesses | p. 458 |
Cross-Examination of Witnesses | p. 459 |
Defense Motion to Dismiss | p. 461 |
Defendant's Case-in-Chief | p. 462 |
Closing Argument | p. 463 |
Instructing the Jury | p. 465 |
Jury Deliberations and Verdict | p. 468 |
22 Sentencing | p. 475 |
Overview of Sentencing | p. 478 |
Sentencing Procedures | p. 486 |
Sentence Options | p. 492 |
Community Service | p. 500 |
Miscellaneous Alternative Sentences | p. 500 |
The Death Penalty | p. 503 |
23 Appeals and Writs | p. 511 |
The Appeal Process | p. 513 |
Writs | p. 519 |
24 Victims and Their Rights | p. 525 |
Victims and the Criminal Justice System | p. 526 |
Pretrial Processes | p. 527 |
The Trial-and-Sentencing Process | p. 530 |
Post-Trial Processes | p. 531 |
25 The System at Work: DUI Laws and Processes | p. 533 |
DUI (Driving Under the Influence) | p. 534 |
DUI Case Examples | p. 540 |
26 Juvenile Courts and Procedures | p. 549 |
A Brief History of U.S. Juvenile Courts | p. 552 |
Juvenile Court Jurisdiction | p. 553 |
Deciding Whether to File Charges | p. 554 |
The Right to Counsel and Other Constitutional Rights | p. 558 |
Trying Juveniles as Adults | p. 561 |
Sentencing (Disposition) Options | p. 565 |
Sealing Juvenile Court Records | p. 570 |
27 Prison Rules | p. 573 |
A System of Limited Rights | p. 575 |
Legal Resources for Prisoners and Their Families | p. 585 |
Parole | p. 590 |
Pardons | p. 593 |
Glossary | p. 595 |
Index | p. 611 |